A Mic below 50Hz? Why?

[ManFromGlass]

If very few end user sound systems can reproduce the fundamental of the low E on a bass (roughly 40 Hz depending who you ask) I am wondering why one would choose a mic that can record lower than that.
For the projects I work on (for media, never tunes to be heard on their own) I usually roll off pretty steeply at 80Hz for the final mix. I do roughly the same when recording. I occasionally record acoustic and electric bass and have a good monitoring system with a sub and I’ve never felt that bottom was missing.
Curious what others think.

[Drew Stephenson]

Piano? Goes down to 28Hz, pipe organs can go lower, but more frequently I'll frequently put a low synth pad on stuff that'll fill out that 20-40Hz octave.
If I hi-passed my stuff at 80Hz I'd be loosing quite a lot of content.
The other thing to remember is the growing use of headphones, most of which will comfortably go down to 20Hz.

[ManFromGlass]

I’m counting, and perhaps incorrectly, on the listeners brain filling in the fundamentals from the overtones. For film and tv music this keeps the low end cleaner for the big explosions and big machine sound effects etc.
That being said I have layered an octave below sine wave sub tone in with a kick now and then. Perhaps I need to rethink my philosophy. Always something to learn in this business!

[Hugh Robjohns]

If very few end user sound systems can reproduce the fundamental of the low E on a bass (roughly 40 Hz depending who you ask) I am wondering why one would choose a mic that can record lower than that.

Do you record for the lowest common denominator, or the highest possible standards?

And while few cheapo sound systems might reproduce 40Hz fundamentals, most earbuds and headphones can take a damn good stab at it.

There's also the fact that the electric bass isn't the only instrument on the planet; plenty of other instruments (and percussion) generate content well below 40Hz and which is critical to their sound quality and character.

It's also well known that the phase relationships between channels at low frequencies contribute significantly to the sense of spaciousness in a recording.

So all in all, having material in that bottom octave is important and does make a difference in the right contexts.

Returning to mics with a roll-off below 40Hz, it's quite an educational experience to compare the sound of something like a 'cello or even a violin recorded with both a cardioid capsule (natural roll-off around 40Hz) and an omni capsule (natural roll-off at least an octave lower). I've demonstrated this many times with Sennheiser MKH40s and 20s, and every time the audience/students notice that the omni capsule sounds much more natural and, in comparison, the 40 sounds 'phasey' and wrong in a way they find hard to put into words. Heard on its own, no one complains about the cardioid, but in direct comparison it's obvious and I think it's down to unwanted phase shifts linked to the roll-off.

It's often a good idea to 'bracket' the sound on individual sources with high-pass (and sometimes low-pass) filtering, but I'd rather have the option at the control desk or in the DAW, rather than have it enforced by the mics.

[ManFromGlass]

Do you record for the lowest common denominator, or the highest possible standards?

And that is what I wrestle with. I haven’t worked on a project with a good budget in awhile so can’t afford to go to a “proper” studio. My studio is ok to good for close mic recording. Why would I want an awesome mic for a room like that? I have a few good mic pres but at some point it’s has to be diminishing returns with an increase in quality (and budget with is another factor). So more mental wrestling and research is in order.

[Martin Walker]

It's often a good idea to 'bracket' the sound on individual sources with high-pass (and sometimes low-pass) filtering, but I'd rather have the option at the control desk or in the DAW, rather than have it enforced by the mics.

Hear hear!

Taking this route rather than relying on any built-integral mic filter, you also get the option of using different cutoff 'shapes' - many HPF plug-ins in particular may offer a slight resonant peak at an octave above the cutoff frequency, which may balance out the loss of the extreme lows, as well as the standard roll-off at typically 12dB/octave or 18dB/octave.

Some even offer fully-variable Q to adjust the height of the resonant peak, so you can tweak with your ears to suit the sound. I use LTL Chop Shop's EQ for instance (available from Plugin Alliance):



Martin

[Hugh Robjohns]

Why would I want an awesome mic for a room like that?

Why wouldn't you? If the mic isn't capable of capturing the most accurate (or most desirable) sound why bother at all?

But it's worth remembering that phase-shift mics -- meaning most conventional cardioids, hyper-cardioids and super-cardioid (including multipattern capacitor mics) -- rarely if ever have a bass response that extends much below 40Hz. The physics simply doesn't make it practical.

If you want to pick up stuff below that then you need to use an omni (which will typically stretch down to 20Hz or lower) or arguably a good quality ribbon fig-8.

[ManFromGlass]

So if Earthworks says their cardioid mic does 30-30k at 6” are they being accurate or is there something they aren’t saying?

As for what awesome mic means to me, I didn’t express myself correctly.
I mostly close-mic, recording 1 instrument at a time. The room does not add any desirable sound that I want to include in the mix. So I’ve ruled out an omni mic. Rarely I record acoustic bass or concert bass drum or other instruments that have low frequencies. I do have a nice Royer for those.
I usually eq out the low end of what I do record up to just where I hear I am losing the sound of the instrument. I thought if the mic only went down to say 50Hz then it would be a bit less eqing to do. But other comments now have me questioning my approach - which I am totally open to.

[Sam Inglis]

So if Earthworks says their cardioid mic does 30-30k at 6” are they being accurate or is there something they aren’t saying?

It's a fairly meaningless claim unless a tolerance is specified. If they said ±3dB from 30Hz to 30kHz that would mean something.

Looking at the graphs of their SR30 for example it's fairly clear that there is a roll-off below 100Hz. At 5 inches it looks to be about 8dB down at 30Hz. Yet they claim a frequency response of 20Hz to 20kHz for that model.

I suspect that the roll-off is partly deliberate since the mic is designed to be used close up. It certainly should be possible to create a cardioid mic that is a lot flatter than that in the low end even at a greater distance.

[Hugh Robjohns]

So if Earthworks says their cardioid mic does 30-30k at 6” are they being accurate or is there something they aren’t saying?

They are unusual in stating the measuring distance -- bonus points to them -- but a tolerance range would make the response bandwidth really meaningful!

6 inches is well into the proximity zone, though, which will bolster and extend the low end a little below the typical 40Hz of most cardioids measured at greater working distances.

I thought if the mic only went down to say 50Hz then it would be a bit less eqing to do. But other comments now have me questioning my approach - which I am totally open to.

Doesn't really make any difference, does it? If you set the HPF to 60Hz it removes everything below whether the mic captures it or not!

But your recording rationale makes sense to me.

[Drew Stephenson]

As for what awesome mic means to me, I didn’t express myself correctly.
I mostly close-mic, recording 1 instrument at a time. The room does not add any desirable sound that I want to include in the mix. So I’ve ruled out an omni mic.

An omni isn't just about capturing the room though (or not as desired), as Hugh mentions above, it's about capturing the true character of the instrument. With guitar, for example, one of my preferred close mic'ing techniques is with a pair of SDC omnis, one around the 12/14 fret, one behind the bridge, both about 8" away. The proximity to the guitar means that I get a lot more instrument than room, the omni pattern means no proximity effect, and the natural response, I find, gives a more honest picture of the instrument, despite the close-mic'ing.
It's certainly worth trying if you have a less-than-good room and a pair of omnis around.

[John Willett]

As for what awesome mic means to me, I didn’t express myself correctly.
I mostly close-mic, recording 1 instrument at a time. The room does not add any desirable sound that I want to include in the mix. So I’ve ruled out an omni mic.

An omni isn't just about capturing the room though (or not as desired), as Hugh mentions above, it's about capturing the true character of the instrument. With guitar, for example, one of my preferred close mic'ing techniques is with a pair of SDC omnis, one around the 12/14 fret, one behind the bridge, both about 8" away. The proximity to the guitar means that I get a lot more instrument than room, the omni pattern means no proximity effect, and the natural response, I find, gives a more honest picture of the instrument, despite the close-mic'ing.
It's certainly worth trying if you have a less-than-good room and a pair of omnis around.

And the inverse-square law means that the closer you get the less room you get.

Omnis are great mics - I love them.

I know Hugh has already said most of what I would say (thanks Hugh) - but the loudspeakers in my living room go down to 30Hz and lower than that in the roll-off.

[The Elf]

All I would say is to be sparing of what is allowed to go that low. I make it a point that only one signal gets to live in that lowest region, and I will even shave some of that to preserve headroom.

[awjoe]

Why would I want an awesome mic for a room like that?

Why wouldn't you? If the mic isn't capable of capturing the most accurate (or most desirable) sound why bother at all?

But it's worth remembering that phase-shift mics -- meaning most conventional cardioids, hyper-cardioids and super-cardioid (including multipattern capacitor mics) -- rarely if ever have a bass response that extends much below 40Hz. The physics simply doesn't make it practical.

If you want to pick up stuff below that then you need to use an omni (which will typically stretch down to 20Hz or lower) or arguably a good quality ribbon fig-8.

I pull out my trusty R-121 and think: 'On the bass cab? Interesting.'

[ManFromGlass]

I don’t know how many times I’ve read through everyone’s comments (thanks!) and what I am taking away is that even for a mono recording an Omni or ribbon should have better sounding low end as there would be no low end phasiness that comes from the roll off that cardioids have. Would it be correct to say the low end would be clearer?
Plus there would be no low end proximity effect from the Omni, just the natural low end of the instrument.

[Tim Gillett]

It will capture the low bass only if the low bass is there to be captured. Many bass amps and pianos for instance do not go down as low as even a true 40 Hz so it can all be a bit pointless in the real world.

[Hugh Robjohns]

As always, it all depends on the specific situation and the requirement, so it's worth being aware of the pros and cons and the factors that influence a decision... as has been discussed at length.

In some recording situations being able to capture audio from the lowest octave(s) is crucially important.

In others there may be nothing worth recording in that region of the audio spectrum at all. And furthermore, having a mic with an extended LF response can actually create problems by capturing unwanted non-audio content.

In any case, most directional mics are already rolling-off by 50Hz, and if you want/need to capture signals in the 10-50Hz area you're almost always going to have to use good quality omni-directional mics, with all their associated practical implications.

[awjoe]

Yeah, all the usual caveats are understood - I simply like trying out something I haven't tried before in order to see how it works.

[Trent in WA]

As for what awesome mic means to me, I didn’t express myself correctly.
I mostly close-mic, recording 1 instrument at a time. The room does not add any desirable sound that I want to include in the mix. So I’ve ruled out an omni mic.

An omni isn't just about capturing the room though (or not as desired), as Hugh mentions above, it's about capturing the true character of the instrument. With guitar, for example, one of my preferred close mic'ing techniques is with a pair of SDC omnis, one around the 12/14 fret, one behind the bridge, both about 8" away. The proximity to the guitar means that I get a lot more instrument than room, the omni pattern means no proximity effect, and the natural response, I find, gives a more honest picture of the instrument, despite the close-mic'ing.
It's certainly worth trying if you have a less-than-good room and a pair of omnis around.

And the inverse-square law means that the closer you get the less room you get.

Omnis are great mics - I love them.

I know Hugh has already said most of what I would say (thanks Hugh) - but the loudspeakers in my living room go down to 30Hz and lower than that in the roll-off.

This discussion is one of the reasons why this is the best recording and mixing resource on the web. Last night on a, I tried close-micing my acoustic guitar at the 14th fret with my Lewitt 441 set on omni, and it was a revelation. Thank you all!

[ef37a]

I don't have any omni mics (love a pair for son) but regarding Very Low Frequencies I have, for the last six month or so been listening to everything from my TV and computer through a pair of Mission 775s. These are imposing speakers driven from a 50Wpch Arcam amplifier. I have been very surprised at the amount of very low frequencies from various sources. I expect VLF on sci-fi proggs but quiz shows?

The one place I don't hear VLFs is radio 3 except on the rare occasion there is an organ recital and even some of those don't go THAT low.

I now use my Tannoy Reveal 5As and don't really miss the bottom octave, they are still pretty punchy. I am going to get a sub crossover unit and just run the Missions as subs for the craic on Star Treks!

Dave.

[Airfix]

This discussion is one of the reasons why this is the best recording and mixing resource on the web. Last night on a, I tried close-micing my acoustic guitar at the 14th fret with my Lewitt 441 set on omni, and it was a revelation. Thank you all!

He's lovely - is he not? OK .. could be a girl. Who knows - like a mic below 50Hz - the air - the energy

[awjoe]

Okay, I'm intrigued with the omni idea. I'll start with my AT 4050 in omni mode, but I'm wondering what dedicated omnis you might suggest. I'm going to try it on everything. In my case, everything is:

Ukulele
Acoustic guitar
Guitar amp
Bass Amp
Electric piano
Hand percussion

[Airfix]

Close mic - right?
Omnis are bitches - OK you know that - everyone knows that - Do you want to record the room?

[3rdConstruction]

I had the impression that a multi pattern mic set to omni did not have the same characteristics as a true single diaphragm omni. Am I mistaken?

[awjoe]

Close mic - right?
Omnis are bitches - OK you know that - everyone knows that - Do you want to record the room?

Yes - close mic. My room's got nothing to offer except the information that says 'this source isn't anechoic' - so, I'm not interested in capturing the room much.

[Ariosto]

The one place I don't hear VLFs is radio 3 except on the rare occasion there is an organ recital and even some of those don't go THAT low.

Dave.

You should have heard some of the TV broadcasts of the Proms this year. The bass is incredibly exaggerated! I could not listen on my hi-fi system with large speakers. I had to listen on the TV speakers where it sounded much better. I think they exaggerate the low frequencies below 100Hz by many dB to compensate for most TV speakers being small.

I think Radio 3 does not do this, and therefore it sounds good on a hi-fi system.

[Hugh Robjohns]

You should have heard some of the TV broadcasts of the Proms this year. The bass is incredibly exaggerated! I could not listen on my hi-fi system with large speakers.

Are you thinking of any particular concerts? I watched several and none struck me as having overblown bass. I was listening in stereo from Freeview on PMC IB1s so if there was excessive bass I would have known about it!

Edited to add: That said, I think the TV sound mixes do tend to be a little more 'commercial sounding' than Radio3's mixes -- which means slightly more use of spot mics. The social distancing requirements this year have also made spot-miking more of a necessity.

But Mrs R has just reminded me that I did "bleet on" about double basses being too prominent on spot mics during the Bach St Matthew Passion Proms broadcast...

I think they exaggerate the low frequencies below 100Hz by many dB to compensate for most TV speakers being small.

I'd be extremely surprised if that were the case!

However, in previous years I have noticed that they often duplicate low end sources into the LFE channel (inappropriately in my view!) when creating surround mixes. That could easily create the impression of exaggerated bass for any some surround listeners.

[ef37a]

You should have heard some of the TV broadcasts of the Proms this year. The bass is incredibly exaggerated! I could not listen on my hi-fi system with large speakers.

Are you thinking of any particular concerts? I watched several and none struck me as having overblown bass. I was listening in stereo from Freeview on PMC IB1s so if there was excessive bass I would have known about it!

That said, I think the TV sound mixes do tend to be a little more 'commercial sounding' than Radio3's mixes -- which means slightly more use of spot mics.

I think they exaggerate the low frequencies below 100Hz by many dB to compensate for most TV speakers being small.

I'd be extremely surprised if that were the case!

However, in previous years I have noticed that they often duplicate low end sources into the LFE channel (inappropriately in my view!) when creating surround mixes. That could easily create the impression of exaggerated bass for any some surround listeners.

I too would like some examples I might find on iPlayer. I only caught a couple of proms this year and nothing stood out in that way.

I could listen to a download on both Tannoys and the 775s in turn.

While I am here? I am having trouble Hugh finding the balanced line drive modules. Sparkfun have them back ordered and no idea when they will be back in stock. I have searched extensively for other sources and can find nothing save very expensive 'pro' devices.

Dave.

Dave.

[jimjazzdad]

I had the impression that a multi pattern mic set to omni did not have the same characteristics as a true single diaphragm omni. Am I mistaken?

You are not mistaken. A multi pattern switched to omni creates the pattern by electrically combining two cardioid diaphragms (typically large diaphragms). A true pressure type transducer micropone (i.e. 'omni') has a single diaphragm and, to quote the DPA website, "can result in a cleaner and more dynamic sound with a flatter frequency response". Also a small diaphragm omni will exhibit better omni-directionality with more even off-axis response at the cost of slightly higher self-noise.

[Hugh Robjohns]

I am having trouble Hugh finding the balanced line drive modules. Sparkfun have them back ordered and no idea when they will be back in stock. I have searched extensively for other sources and can find nothing save very expensive 'pro' devices.

Cool Components in the UK was the source I used, but they are showing no stock either.

https://coolcomponents.co.uk/collection ... s-breakout

https://coolcomponents.co.uk/collection ... s-breakout

The makers, Sparkfun inthe US are showing the balanced input card being available:

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14002

...but not the balanced output card:

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14003

It might be worthwhile registering with Sparkfun's website and clicking on the 'keep me informed' button so that your interest in the product is logged. That way they'll be less inclined to think there's no market interest in running a new batch! Same with Cool components!