Electronica 1940s 50s 60s Influences upon Electronic music 1970-2020

[tea for two]

After doffing our caps to Electronic instruments designers inventors, as they have had the most significant influence upon Electronic music pioneers, Electronic music.

We thereafter acknowlege 1940-1969 Electronica Luminaries that influenced Electronic music 1970-2020.
A few  of them were inventors of Electronic instruments.

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This Chronological list is a result of the realisation that magazines, newspapers, on the whole have sidelined Electronica Luminaries 1940-1969.

There are specific aspects of these 1940-1969 Electronica Luminaries and outside of Electronica Luminaries music that were precursors of, influenced 1970-2020 Electronica :
Emotive Electronica, Experimental Electronica,
Sampling, Ambient, Dark Ambient, Dark Electronica, Horror Electronica, Industrial Hardcore Electronica, World Music Electronica, Dance Electronica, Techno, Trance, SynthPop, Synth Disco, Chiptune, Glitch. The first DJ set.

Similarly my realisation during last month of lockdown of my woeful awareness of the 1940s 50s 60s Electronica Luminaries.
As with others on this forum I was aware of  various names. However, I was unaware of their actual works, the relationship of their work to 1970-2020 Electronica, along with their Chronology.

This list is a handy Chronology, as there's no such Chronological list online, as far as I have looked.

Instead of you having to look up magazine articles, newspaper articles, online articles, forums, reddit, wiki, youtube. Really it's these that made this list doable.

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Note :
British Electronic musicians prior to 1971 researched written by Ian Helliwell (printed by SoS)

Tape Leaders: A Compendium Of Early British Electronic Music Composers.

https://velocitypress.uk/product/tape-leaders-book/
Includes 15 track CD
https://www.discogs.com/Various-Tape-Le ... e/12284797

These Electronic musicians are not included in my list as they are in Ian Helliwell's book.

Ian Helliwell's research is original.

There is nothing original in the list I made.

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*I'm sure I have left out  influential Electronica Luminaries 1940s, 50s, 60s.
If you would mention them, adding reasons as to their influence.
We can discuss them.

*Where I am wrong, I would appreciate you telling me where and why with some evidence.

*Several Electronica Luminaries have extensive Discography. Therefore a choice was made as to which of their work(s) were influential.

*Only well known Electronica Luminaries were researched, clearly Electronic Music is too vast. This research is approximately a month.

*These Electronica Luminaries were not trying to be influential. They were just making music.
Music exists without the need to be influential.
We may be influenced inspired by Music, that's upto us.

[tea for two]

1947-1969 LUMINARIES THAT LIT THE WAY

*Daphne Oram 1947ish onwards
Genius inventor of Oramics graphical Electronic instrument.

Daphne perceived Electronic music as human, imperfect, organic as any other music. 

This Electronic music Philosophy of Daphne's was embraced by 
1950s 1960s luminaries as Tom Dissevelt and Kid Baltan Dick Raaijmakeers, Delia Derbyshire, Jean Jaques Perrey, Gershon Kingsley, Cecil Leuter, Nino Nardini.
Embraced by 1970s pioneers Wendy Carlos, Tomita, Tonto's Expanding Heaband, early Kraftwerk, Klaus Schulze, Tangerine Dream, Jarre, Vangelis, Moroder, Kitaro.
Embraced by Ambient, New Age, ChillOut, Mid80s SynthPop, House, Trance, Danceable Electronica upto now.

Therefore
*Daphne Oram can be considered the single most influential figure in Electronic music in terms of a Philosophy.

1949 Still Point
The first to combine Orchestra with Electro acoustic manipulation.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gT5zjWmVQiI
Still Point reimagined by Shiva Feshareki and James Bulley.

Before Otto Leuning & Vladimir Ussachevsky's Tape Music Concert 1952,
before Stockhausen 1958 Kontakt, before Luciano Berio 1959 Differences.

1957 Amphitryon 38 first totally Electronic score in BBC history.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=q8xy5ieJDaM

1958 Co-founding Radiophonic Workshop with Desmond Briscoe.

1960 ish Oramics Bird of Parallax
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=8Oc0B6pkl4A
3min27 to 5min11 a type of Techno without beats.
9min51 to 12min01 is Berlin school of Tangerine Dream first heard on their 1974 Phaedra, Klaus Schulze Picture Music 1975.
Berlin School birthed massive genre of Trance.

There are Chirping Bird like Electronic fx as we would expect from a title Bird of Parallax :
these would find its way into 1973 Klaus Schulze Chromengel track and 1976 Jarre's Oxygene.

1960 Four Points. Played in Queen Elizabeth Hall in 1968.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yOQrEZq1RgM

1961 The Innocents film sound track with Georges Auric.
*Birth of Horror Electronica nearly two decades before John Carpenter 1978 Halloween Electronic film score.
Do not listen by yourself in the dark dialogue soundtrack to The Innocents.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QWdpLtmpOMQ

The Beatles, The Who, Mick Jagger sat at Daphne's feet.

*1948 Pierre Schaeffer : Étude aux chemins de fer, Études de bruits Musique Concrète
Concrète translates roughly as real sounds.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pOq8u6-bA
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CTf0yE15zzI
Trains, canal boats, toys, sauce pans.
Maestro of Sampling.
Brodcast on RDF radio in 1948.

Early 1940s Pierre formed his Musique Concrète concept.
Music is not based on notes, rather music is based on sound. Thus you can make music with the sound of cars, rain, doggies barking. You can choose your own sound palette from vast range of every day sounds, modify them anyway you like for your music.

By 1949 Pierre's compositional work was known publicly as Musique Concrète.

Musique Concrète was embraced by :
1950 Moondog's Symphony (Louis Thomas Hardin);
1954 Edgar Varèse Déserts; 1956 BebeBarron LouisBarron Forbidden Planet soundtrack; 1956 Stockhausen Gesang der Jünglinge; 1957 Xenakis Diamorphoses; 1960s BBC Radiophonic Workshop; 1960 John Cage Water Walk;
1965 Steve Reich It's Gonna Rain; 1966 The Beatles Tomorrow Never Knows; 1973 Pink Floyd Money.
1956 Buchanan & Goodman The Flying Saucer was a lighthearted use of Musique Concrète sampling.

Thereafter 1970-2020 Wendy Carlos, Vangelis, Kitaro, Yellow Magic Orchestra, Yello, Jarre, Art of Noise, Depeche Mode, 808 State, KLF, The Orb, The Prodigy, Future Sound of London, Daft Punk, Four Tet to name a few. Electronic  music from 1979 onwards, HipHop from 1983 onwards.

Every musician that's used Samples of every day sounds, nature sounds, sampled other musicians, sampled instruments speech voice, used Sample libraries, made their own samples, can trace their Sampling conceptually to Pierre Schaeffer.

Conceptually every Sample instrument design thereafter Musique Concrète :
Chamberlin, Mellotron, EMS Musys, Melodian, Synclavier, Fairlight;
samplers from Toshiba, E-mu, Akai, Ensoniq, Kurzweil, Roland;
software samplers Gigasampler, Native Instruments Kontakt, Spectrasonics steam;
can trace their design conceptually to Pierre Schaeffer.

Therefore
*Pierre Schaeffer can be considered the single most influential figure in Electronic music in terms of a Concept.

1940's Pierre developed the Phonogene that played Musique Concrète sounds from tape loops.
1950 Pierre gave his first concert of Musique Concrète at Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris.
1950 Symphonie pour une Homme Seul and
1951 Orpheus opera, were Musique Concrète composed with Pierre Henry.
1951 Pierre Co-founded with Pierre Henry, Jacques Poulin the GRM Groupe de Recherches de Musique Concrète.
It is as significant as 1958 BBC Radiophonic Workshop.

Stockhausen worked under Pierre at GRM for a brief time.
Pierre Schaeffer influenced Stockhausen to hear the symphony of sounds around us wherever we are. These informed most of Stockhausen's compositions.

Pierre Schaeffer was Jarre's guru. Jarre studied under Pierre at the GRM.
Because of Pierre Scaeffer, Jarre's 1984 Zoolook album has sampling of 25 languages, thereafter forming harmony accompaniment melody rhythms from these languages. As well as including processed  speech from 25 languages.
Zoolook was made possible by Fairlight Invention of Tony Furse, Kim Ryrie, Peter Vogel.

Pierre Schaeffer was not the first to perform
Musique Concrète.

*1944 Halim El-Dabh : Wire Recorder Piece is noted as the first Musique Concrète performance.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j_kbNSdRvgo
Publicly presented in 1944 at an art gallery event in Cairo. It was a 20-25 minute piece named The Expression of Zaar.
Halim El-Dabh, then a student at Cairo, Egypt,
used samples of an Egyptian Zar ceremony that he recorded on a  borrowed a wire recorder from the offices of Middle East Radio. Halim thereafter
edited, manipulated and arranged these samples.

Late 1940's Tōru Takemitsu had similar ideas as Musique Concrète .

*1950 Pierre Henry : Le Microphone Bien Tempere.
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4 ... 0IbepqWpn8
Dark Electronica.
Influential interms of evolution in Electronic music.

Anyone that watched Futurama cartoon series would be familiar with Pierre's 1967 Psyché Rock used as theme tune.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vC1cgcOEErQ

*1950 Computer Music
CSIRAC designed by by a team led by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard in Australia, was the first computer to play digital music.

Therafter in 1951 Ferranti Mark 1 aka the
Manchester Electronic Computer designed by
by Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn
manufactured by Ferranti was used by the BBC to perform digital music. The programming being done by Christopher Strachey, a friend of Alan Turing

Alongside being the first Computer music
*we can consider these the first Chiptunes. Although not for Computer Gaming.

1957 Max Matthews used an IBM 704 computer to play a 17 second composition on the MUSIC I program written by Max Matthews.
*MUSIC was the first widely used program for sound generation.

1968-1970 Max would design at Bell Telephone Labs the GROOVE Generating Realtime Operations On Voltage-controlled Equipment used by Laurie Spiegel in the 1970s for her Electronic compositions.
GROOVE enabled continual synthesizer performance adjustments in real time to be scanned, stored thereafter replayed from stored data.
GROOVE was a digital-analogue hybrid system.
The digital part at heart was a Honeywell DDP224 computer that monitored and stored in CDC-9432 disk storage the performer’s manipulations of analogue synthesiser.

*1951 Pierre Boulez : Etudes I sur un son & Etudes II sur sept sons
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E_WPy2QXGws
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OlfOBm1VM2I
Given that those that would have heard this,
peers, academics, performance groups of the time,
we can call it influential as an evolutionary step in Electronic Music.
We can call it Dark Ambient.

*1952 Otto Leuning & Vladimir Ussachevsky : Tape Music Concert. Released 1968.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0KzEi8dwYXY
Pre Recorded Orchestral music played back with Tape manipulations.
*Tape Music Concert can be considered the first DJ set : DJ Otto and DJ Vlad.

*1953 Karlheinz Stockhausen : Studie1
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ovz6it26iSw
His first Electronic composition.
Imagine going deep cave exploring, pot holing, then synthesising sounds heard there.

1966 Telemusik : imagine sounds in a forest synthesised.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vdIe2CrorMM

1939 John  Cage : Imaginary Landscape No. 1 heavily influenced these two Stockhausen.

John Cage's 1951 Music of Changes I Ching composition process also influenced
Stockhausen to absorb I Ching process.

Hinduism guru Sri Aurobindo influenced Stockhausen's compositional process to consider a level beyond emotional music.
This level is purely Spiritual. It trancends emotion.

Temple musicians Stockhausen met on his tours of the Far East also influenced Stockhausen :
Stockhausen requested his band to play as those Temple musicians intuitively, spiritually, without thinking.

Jazz Bebop free improvisation influenced Stockhausen's approach.

This is the thing. Stockhausen's respect for music, philosophy, from other Cultures.

One of Stockhausen's most notable original composition, that wasn't influenced by John Cage,
although influenced by Musique Concrète,
Indian Konnakol rythmic vocal phrasing and Jazz Scat singing,
is the Choral :

1956 Gesang Der Junglinge
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nffOJXcJCDg
Where we would normally let's say Handel's Messiah, we find a young Choirsters sung phrases as directed by Stockhausen,
recorded onto tape, then chopped up into snippets by Stockhausen to form abstract parts to gradually whole phrases.
As well as chopped up according to timbre, vowels consonants.
Thereafter rearranging these various chopped up Choirster parts.
"Preiset den Herrn" "Praise ye the Lord" is clearly heard.
These were melted into Electronica.
Stockhausen used liguistics and phonetics he was studying at the University of Bonn.

Influenced by Pierre Schaeffer, we noted Stockhausen worked under Pierre Schaeffer briefly at the GRM Groupe de Recherches de Musique Concrète,
Stockhausen heard the symphony of sounds
when we go out to the highstreet, supermarket, bus station, train station :
those inspired Stockhausen to make synthesised versions.

That's what Stockhausen's approximately 350 compositions mostly are including his piano works, chamber, choir, orchestral :
amalgamation, synthesis of sounds rhythms of life around us in an urban environment.
If Stockhausen lived in Tibet village his music would have been very different.
This is also the reason Stockhausen was against repition in music, since the sounds rhythms of life around us is always altering.

Various musicians have name dropped Stockhausen as an influence, The Beatles did it, as did Pink Floyd, Bjork.
Articles have been written to show Stockhausen's influence upon Electronic Music.

Electronic music is too diverse too vast.
Musically, no one person can lay claim to influence anything except a snippet.
Philosophically, Conceptually yes.
We noted Stockhausen was influenced by other Electronic musicians, other philosophies, concepts, as he freely admitted.

Realistically Stockhausen was more of an academic influence.
Stockhausen was taken with the concept of "academic" "serious" Electronic music as when writing an article to be published in an academic journal.

1954 Luciano Berio/ Bruno Maderna: Ritratto di Città Prima
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CGCtmv_E5zE
This Electronic work is attempting to synthesize a few of the numb emotions, disorientation, some may feel in a groundhog day urban environment : travelling at night by motor vehicle every day after work, a desolate concrete space we see every day, train journey we take every day to work blur of train lines houses architecture, the busy road we cross every day to get to work.

*We can consider Ritratto di Città Prima the first time human emotions feelings in everyday life  was linked to Electronica.

*1956 Bebe Barron Louis Barron : Forbidden Planet.
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR ... E3EyJ0_ijV
Electronic soundtrack.
*Precursor for every fully Electronic music soundtrack.
Birthed Dark Ambient, Dark Electronica.

Any current Dark Ambient isn't doing anything that wasn't done in Forbidden Planet.
Dark Ambient as Eraserhead 1977 film score by David Lynch, Dark Ambient musicians as Lustmord, Merzbow, Deathprod can trace themselves to Forbidden Planet.

We noted  earlier Dark Electronica by Pierre Henry, Pierre Boulez. These were heard by very few compared to Forbidden Planet.

*1956 Tom Dissevelt & Kid Baltan
Dick Raaijmakers' : Song of The Second Moon
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=V8MP0W63jIY
1959 The Fascinating World of Electronic Music
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=y-HWd4IKK ... FS&index=1
1962 Electronic Movements.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2tPuKqY_1CM

Tom, Dick are heaviest influence upon Electronic Kraftwerk from 1974 Autobahn to 1986 Electric Cafe, the bedrock of Kraftwerk Electronic style:
Synth rhythm percussion, Synth bass, tinkly lilting melody style, kling klang style
nearly 20 years before on the tracks
Song of the Second Moon, The Ray Makers, Visitor from Inner Space, Syncopation, Vibration, Mechanical Motions.

An early form of Techno with beats on Syncopation, Vibration. This is one source where Kraftwerk got their proto Techno in 1970 Von Himmel Von Hoch track.

Berlin School nearly 20 years before Tangerine Dream Phaedra 1974 on the tracks Song of the Second Moon, Sonic Re-entry.

Orbit Aurora :  was a hit in Germany.
Here we realise where Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream very well heard of Tom and Dick.

Dark Ambient on Twilight Ozone.

Mangled Piano, Brutal Destructive Piano on Piano Forte.
Nearly 20 years before Keith Emerson.

The Ray Makers :
7mins-8mins deep bass rhythm is the grand daddy of Leftfield 1999 track Phat Planet (Guinness ad with horses on sea waves).

*1963 Tom Dissevelt : Fantasy in Orbit Round the World with Electronic Music.
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4 ... XPXVZbTLN7
Mexican Warrior, Woomerangs, Gamelan, Tropicolors, Zanzi(bar), are
*first tracks in Electronic music to make reference to World music.

Taking its cue from Olivier Messiaen acoustic works incorporating World music.
World Music that would appear in Kitaro, Vangelis, Jarre, Japan, Peter Gabriel, Enigma, Future Sound of London to name a few.
A whole Electronic genre from mid 1990s onwards is centered around World music.

*1957 Iannis Xenakis : Diamorphoses
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6vrz6-eO8Ug
1962 Bohor
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DODVNHukY0I

*Brutalist Industrial Hardcore Electronica.
Forefather of Cluster, Early Cabaret Voltaire, Throbbing Gristle, Front 242, Nitzer Ebb, Hardcore Electronica of late 80s early 90s, Industrial Electronica.

Horrors of War influenced Xenakis' Electronica as did the desire to distance from Classical music when composing Electronica. We can contrast with his Classical Six Chansons for Piano 1951.
For Xenakis, Electronica was also a way of expressing the modern world of machines, technology, architecture, construction destruction. Xenakis was an architect.

*1957 Jean Jaques Perrey : Prelude Au Sommeil. Prelude to Sleep.
*Birth of Light Electronic Ambient.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=k3Uc55KMZt8

Was made to be played in the background to be sleep inducing hence the title.
Ondioline a kind of Electronic Synth Organ  was played by Jean real name Jean Marcel Leroy.

Electronic music for hospital patients has its roots in Prelude Au Sommeil.

As does

2008 Music for MRI Scanners by Tom Green.
2017 Music For Insomniacs a project by Mer de Revs II.
"A study in deliberately soothing textures designed to give the listener space to find stillness and collapse into rest."
2018 Surbahar Sleeping Music by Eno.

Eno is erroneously referred to by various journos, musicians as birthing light Electronic Ambient,
because Eno named it Ambient (1978 Ambient 1 : Music for Airports) after Eric Satie 1917 described it Musique d'Ameublement.
1975 Eno's first solo Ambient Discreet Music is aspects of Prelude Au Sommeil made with different instruments.
1993 Eno's New Space Music album is as a homage genuflecting to Prelude Au Sommeil.

*1958 Edgard Varèse : Poème électronique
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=R-R3F3ZVbi8
Although 1954 Deserts is a prominent Electronic work from Edgar, Poème électronique is included because it is composed for and played in 1958 Brussels World's Fair where attendees would have heard it.
Also because of the title immediately identifying to the listener what it is, at a time when Electronic music was not known amongst the public at large.

*1959-1966 Pauline Oliveros : Mnemonics, V of  IV, Time Perspectives, Once Again
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kLxtu1-RiwM
1962  Pauline Co-founded the influential San Francisco Tape Music Center with Ramon Sender and Morton Subotnik.
Terry Riley was a member of SFTMC.

SFTMC commissioned a Synth to be built with a $500 Rockeffeler grant given to a Physics major that had recently 1962 formed an Electronics music company in Berklee. The Synth : Buchla 100 series Modular Electronic Music System. The Synth that birthed future Don Buchla's synths.

1989 Deep Listening : Pauline Oliveros, Stuart Dempster, Panaiotis
After descending 14 feet into Dan Harpol underground cistern in 1988, Pauline formed the Deep Listening band.

Combining meditation with Electronic improvisation that responds to the Environment surrounding the musician whether a cave, a cathedral.
Involves Sonic Awareness : the term Pauline described as conscious alertness, listening to the environmental sounds around us.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=U__lpPDTUS4

*John Cage1960 Water Walk : Performance of Household Items Electronica.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gXOIkT1-QWY
John is showing the audience Electronic music (Musique concrète) is easily accessible, embraceable, can be made from household items by almost anyone.
That Electronic music isn't  this obscure thing for "academics" "serious" musicians, scientists.

For these reasons this is influential.

We have already noted John Cage's heavy influence upon Stockhausen from : 

1939 Imaginary Landscape No. 1
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=p-3iLnXV9 ... rt_radio=1
Imaginary Landscape is not some out there landscape on the Moon or Jupiter or Sahara.
Rather the Imaginary Landscape inside us.

*Every current modern Experimental Electronica, Glitch Electronica can trace itself through the Electronica works already mentioned to Imaginary Landscape.

1951 Music of Changes.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=B_8-B2rNw7s
Using I Ching chance operations, as this is what life mostly is, all around us, chance operations within parameters.

1961 Variations II
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sa6KhuHvrTk
Take a Flute, a Piano. Now this wont be just any Concierto. Oh no.
This will be "playing" the Flute, the Piano not in a way you expected.
Purpose of this is to help liberate the mind from assumptions from preconceptions from prejudices.

John's  sense of humour on
1951 Imaginary Landscape No.4
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oPfwrFl1FHM

1952 : 4'33" perhaps the most well known John Cage.
A track to attune the listener to the taken for granted frequencies inside us, the rhythms humming inside us, the harmonies of  the environment surrounding us, the subtle hymn of the Universe .... to be more attuned to Life.

1961 Milton Babbit with Soprano Bethany Beardsley : Vision and Prayer by Dylan Thomas
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pYe5Rhnb1Mo
*First time a Live Vocal performance was accompanied by Tape Electronica.

Therefore this is the forerunner of every Synthpop performance, every Vocal Electronica performance from Krafterrk, Kate Bush, Yello, Laurie Anderson, Japan, Howard Jones, Pet Shop Boys, Portishead, Goldfrapp to name a few.

*1962 Beach Boys : Surfin' Safari. 
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ ... pCRSLvRq2b
Barbershop Quartet singing. Papa of Synthpop style singing Kraftwerk borrowed, borrowed by several Synthpop musicians.

*1963 Delia Derbyshire : Dr Who Theme Electronic rendition (composer Ron Grainer).
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CM8uBGANASc
Thousands of Electronic musicians including 1970s Electronic music pioneers heard this were influenced by this.

*Delia Derbyshire Dr Who theme Electronic rendition is the single most influential track in Electronic music.

Musically, any Electronic track thereafter upto now, with Bass sequence, Synth lead melody can be traced to this.

Delia had the courage, foresight, to make melodic Electronica alongside so called "academic" "serious" Electronica.

*1965 James Brown : Funk.
Daddy of  Electro Funk bass beats of Kraftwerk, Electro Funk of Yellow Magic Orchestra, Detroit Techno, Techno.

Any JB  album from 1965 onwards.
The first album of Funk :
James Brown plays James Brown Today & Yesterday.
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF ... w8eTkPcK7K

Funk bass and rhythms Kraftwerk synthesised simplified :
Karl Bartos was the one Kraftwerk member to admit James Brown was an influence.
Autobahn 1974 title track rhythm bass is Funky Drummer 1970 synthesised simplified;
The rafter Antenna from Radioactivity 1975;
nearly every track on Trans Europe Express album 1977,  with title track Trans Europe Express the most stark example of what James Brown named The One on the Beat; 
Man Machine track from Man Machine album 1978;
all of Computer World album 1981;
Tour De France 1983;
all of Electric Cafe album 1986.

Yellow Magic Orchestra were more obvious synthesised Electro Funk : several tracks on each album from their self titled  debut album Yellow Magic Orchestra in 1978 to Service 1983.

JB Funk and these synthesised Funk bass rhythms were one of the main influences upon Detroit Techno 1981 and Techno in various future forms.

*1960s 1970s R&B Soul, Funk of Funkadelic Parliament Sly and the Family Stone, AfroPop, Jamaican Sound System Jamaican Dance Hall.
Birthed :
Synth Disco, Detroit Techno, Techno, House, Acid House, Jungle, DrumNBass, BreakBeat, BigBeat, TripHop, Garage.

Every Electronic musician from 1970 to 2020 with danceable body moving bass and rhythm borrowed from, were influenced by R&B, Funk, Jamaican Dancehall:
Kraftwerk, Moroder, Yellow Magic Orchestra, Yello, Art of Noise, Depeche Mode, Enigma, Aphex Twin, The Orb, Prodigy, Future Sound of London, Leftfield, Chemical Brothers, Goldie, Roni Size, Underworld, Daft Punk, Burial, Royksopp, Four Tet, Bonobo to name a few.

*1967 Gershon Kingsley and Jean Jacques Perrey : Kaleidoscopic Vibrations.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9ti--P1Zf ... XG&index=4
Fun humurous Monty Python.
Inspired several kids TV themes.
Over a decade later 1972 Isao Tomita Switched On Rock, 1978 Yellow Magic Orchestra and 1980 Yello Solid Pleasure would bring humour.

Fun humour is a characteristic of Jean Jaques Perrey :
1966 The In Sound from Way Out album
Jean Jacques Perrey & Gershon Kingsley.
Even has a track called Computer in Love.
1969 The Happy Moog album Jean Jacques Perrey & Harry Breuer.

*1967 Morton Subotnik : Silver Apples of the Moon.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3G1hRNLlYpg
Mother of blips blopbs squelches found in much of Electronica, hundreds Eurorack videos on YouTube .
Suzanne Ciani 1970 Voices Of Packaged Souls
and Kraftwerk 1974 Mitternacht and Morgenspaziergang tracks borrowed from Silver Apples of the Moon.
Silver Apples band named themselves.

1968 Morton Subotnik : The Wild Bull
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QIq6rLgodG4
Grandfather of Aphex Twin.

*1968, 1971 King Tubby Osbourne Ruddock : Remix and Dub.  
1968 King Tubby birthed the Remix found in Electronic music, Dance music, Pop music, across several genres of music as a staple of modern music.

1971 Birthed Dub  found on 1990s ChillOut, Progressive Ambient as The Orb, Global Communication, Future Sound of London.
Ambient Dub, Dub Step became genres in Electronic music.
Jah Wobble very influenced by Dub.

King Tubby  built his own units echo and reverb as well as modified and designed mixing desks to facilitate his Dub.
1974 Ital Dub one of the early Dub albums.
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE ... 0oXz2csQDy

*1968 Holger Czukay Rolf Dammer : Canaxis.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JErSBCFmhzM
First time in Electronic music sampled Indigenous vocals over tape based Electronica on Boat Woman Song.
Over two decades later Enigma, Deep Forest, would add Indigenous vocals to Electronica and dance beats.

*1968 Silver Apples : Silver Apples.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7HTOmW-fJ ... HCuv2fLFgk
Merging Synthesis fx with Acoustic R&B drum rhythms.
Heavily influenced Kraftwerk first album 1970  tracks Ruckzuck and Stratovarious Acoustic R&B drum rhythms with Synth fx.
 

*1969 Gershon Kingsley : Music to Moog by
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD7EBBCAD01F23684
Popcorn hit single bringing instrumental Pop into Electronica.
Gershon showed Jarre that Pop music could be brought into Electronica.

Jarre's Oxygene 4 top10 hit Intro Verse Bridge Chorus the first Electronic track to have this Pop structure, that influenced Electronic music thereafter, influenced SynthPop, SynthDisco Structurally, by Jarre showing the other 1970s pioneers Tangerine Dream, Kraftwerk, Moroder, Vangelis, that 3minute Intro Verse Bridge Chorus can be brought into Electronica : a lightbulb moment, has its Pop roots in Popcorn's Electronic Pop.

*1969 Cecil Leuter, Nino Nardini : Pop Electronique
Roger Roger real name of Cecil.
Georges Achille Teperino real name of Nino Nardini.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pjJV_i2mE ... fMEZniQLNM
A type of Techno on Rhythm in Rock and Crocker Beat. Can hear how these influenced Kraftwerk.
The album title is where Kraftwerk were influenced to make SynthPop.

*1969 Michael Czajkowski : People the Sky.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nvWXxSU0K_U
20sec-4.27 and scattered throught the album Future Techno without beats.
Stick heavy beats on these then they sound as a contemporary type of Techno.
Can hear this album influenced Kraftwerk.

25min50sec to 28min42 synthesised  train horn, car horn, synth leads to mimic cars travelling, synth rhythm :
Kraftwerk borrowed these for  their
Autobahn 1974 title track, 1977 Trans Europe Express title track.

*1969-1970 Elaine Radigue Feedback Works and Vice Versa, etc.......
*Birthed Drone Electronica.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=C_3Fu8YfSdI
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nzcQ0BqmvrQ
If we could record the different frequencies inside us, if we could say the Hindu word Aum (Ohm) 14mins in one breath if it were possible, recording ourself then synthesising it, it could sound as this.
If we could synthesise the drone Indian Tanpura instrument, it would sound as this.

We are aware Drone music existed for centuries in Indian music with the Tanpura providing the drone. Earlier from the first Horns. Even earlier from first rumbles of nature.

*1969 Terry Riley : A Rainbow in Curved Air
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hy3W-3HPMWg
Influenced :
Kraftwerk Ralf und Florian album 1973;
Tangerine Dream  Phaedra 1974 Sequences style, Soloing style that birthed  Berlin School that birthed Trance;
Suzanne Ciani Buchla Concerts 1975;
Synth Rock band Curved Air named themselves.

Terry Riley played electric harpsichord, rocksichord, electric organ, without sequencers.

Sufism, African music, Indian Ragas, John Coltrane, were the inspiration on Terry Riley for A Rainbow in Curved Air.

:::::::

We will have noted some of the most influential 20th Century composers, John Cage, Olivier Messiaen, Stockhausen, Tom Dissevelt, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, John Coltrane, Terry Riley were heavily influenced by World music outside Western music.

It is this open mindedness to realise music is something originating in the Ether, belonging to all of us to share in, to explore, to be influenced inspired by, to revel in.

[Martin Walker]

Wow - that's a mighty informative post tea for two!

Thanks for posting it here on the SOS Forums, and I look forward to reading it in more depth and enjoying all your links to relevant performances.

Well done!

Martin

[Guest]

I agree, lots of stuff to study latter. Great post.

[tea for two]

Appreciated Bob & Martin.

I was surprised and a bit taken aback to find so much of modern Electronica was already done by these Luminaries.

I understand why on the whole magazines, newspapers, online articles, have sidelined them
because it takes a bit of digging around and to have listened to lots of Electronica to join the dots to hear where the originals were.

Electronic Music by its nature is progressive.
Therefore, it is understandable that Electronic musicians generally don't look back to the distant past as it were.

[Arpangel]

Appreciated Bob & Martin.
Electronic Music by its nature is progressive.
Therefore, it is understandable that Electronic musicians generally don't look back to the distant past as it were.

Progressive through technology, maybe what takes it forward.
A lot of younger electronic musicians don’t seem to have a very good sense of history, quite often they think they’re the first to do something, you mention an artist that sounds like them, from the past, and they look at you with a blank stare.
If I can’t compare, that’s my yardstick, or at least, there are no obvious influences, but that’s difficult, almost impossible these days.
This forum lately, is reminding me very much, of being at university, too much analysing, and not enough playing.

[tea for two]

A lot of younger electronic musicians don’t seem to have a very good sense of history, quite often they think they’re the first to do something, you mention an artist that sounds like them, from the past, and they look at you with a blank stare.

Electronica Luminaries 40s 50s 60s.
They tilled the land.

I would say anyone making Electronica thereafter upto now, owes those Luminaries in someway.

:::::

Progressive through technology, maybe what takes it forward.

The album I consider the most imaginative in 80 years of Electronica 1939-2021 was released in 1984 :
Brings in specific aspect of speech from 25 different parts of the World,
forming harmonies melodies sequences from those World parts,
merges them into experimental and melodic Electronica,
merges them into Classical, Jazz, Funk.
Zoolook by Jarre.
Was made possible only because of Fairlight invention by Tony Furse, Kim Ryrie, Peter Vogel.

Tech enables Electronic musicians to be progressive.
Thereafter it's upto Electronic musicians to augment tech with imagination.

[Arpangel]

If I had to name one piece of influential pioneering electro/acoustic music that would be my desert island piece, it would be Inventions For Radio, by Delia Derbyshire.

[johnny h]

Is this available in download only form? CDs in 2021?!

[3rdConstruction]

I love many of the old school experimental electroacoustic and electronic music works by composers such as Schaeffer, Varese, Stockhausen, etc. but have found it difficult to broaden my horizons. I've been reading the forum for years but rarely post. Today I login in specifically to ask for recommendations, and look what I find! Remarkable!

Clearly a labour of love, thoroughly researched. Wow. Just wow.

Thank you, tea for two, for this terrific resource!

[Arpangel]

Is this available in download only form? CDs in 2021?!

Inventions For Radio? Don’t know, I’m a CD man too, but I have to make do with listening to this on YouTube.

[tea for two]

I love many of the old school experimental electroacoustic and electronic music works by composers such as Schaeffer, Varese, Stockhausen, etc. but have found it difficult to broaden my horizons. I've been reading the forum for years but rarely post. Today I login in specifically to ask for recommendations, and look what I find! Remarkable!

Clearly a labour of love, thoroughly researched. Wow. Just wow.

Thank you, tea for two, for this terrific resource!

I'm abit embarrassed
You are very welcome 3rdC.

There are various Electronica by these Luminaries.
I had to make a selection as to their most influential, also those tracks of theirs that were the forerunners of various modern Electronica.
Else more of the Luminaries Electronica I would have included.

[tea for two]

Is this available in download only form? CDs in 2021?!

Johnny. I never thought of this. It would be something to be able to have these compiled on CD or in one place.
I would add a few more from some of the Luminaries.

[johnny h]

Is this available in download only form? CDs in 2021?!

Johnny. I never thought of this. It would be something to be able to have these compiled on CD or in one place.
I would add a few more from some of the Luminaries.

I think it would be good to have it on band camp. Will definitely attract a younger audience!